Madrid's History Museum, founded in 1929 as the city's historical memory, occupies the former old Royal Hospice building, constructed between 1721 and 1726 by Pedro de Ribera. The architect is the man behind its splendid façade, a masterpiece of Spanish Baroque. The building has been a National Monument since 1919.

The museum's collection illustrates the historic progress and development of the arts, industries and customs of Madrid from when it was chosen to be the capital of the kingdom by Felipe II (1561) to the present day.

Having undergone comprehensive renovation work, the museum now boasts new exhibition spaces, an auditorium, library and café.